Pengetahuan, Sikap, dan Praktik Tenaga Kesehatan tentang Pencegahan Dengue: Tinjauan Sistematis
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.69836/ncrcs-sinesia.v1i2.84Keywords:
dengue, healthcare workers, KAPAbstract
Latar Belakang: Demam dengue kian menjadi isu kesehatan publik. Tenaga kesehatan (nakes) berperan sentral dalam diagnosis, pelaporan, pencegahan, dan tata laksana; karena itu Pengetahuan, Sikap, dan Praktik (PSP) mereka penting. Kajian ini bertujuan untuk mensintesis temuan-temuan mengenai PSP nakes terkait pencegahan dengue. Metode: Panduan menggunakan PRISMA, penelusuran dilakukan pada PubMed, Scopus, dan secara manual hingga Oktober 2025. Kriteria inklusi adalah rentang tahun 2014–2025, melibatkan nakes, potong lintang, melaporkan sedikitnya satu luaran PSP, dan berbahasa Inggris/Indonesia. Risiko bias dinilai dengan Hoy. Temuan disintesis secara naratif. Hasil: Lima belas studi dari 12 negara (sampel 76–516 nakes) diinklusi. Pengetahuan umumnya sedang–tinggi, terkuat pada pengenalan vektor dan pengelolaan lingkungan, namun masih ada celah pada perilaku vektor (jam puncak gigitan), manajemen kontainer, serta vaksin. Sikap, umumnya positif (persepsi risiko, tanggung jawab profesional), tetapi banyak responden menilai dukungan dan implementasi program pemerintah belum memadai. Praktik lebih konsisten pada aksi lingkungan dibanding proteksi personal; edukasi pencegahan relatif tinggi, sedangkan pengendalian vektor rutin di fasilitas dan kepatuhan proteksi individu bervariasi. Diskusi: Terdapat kesenjangan antara pengetahuan dan praktik: aksi lingkungan lebih menonjol dibanding proteksi personal dan literasi tentang vaksin. Mayoritas studi berisiko bias low-moderat (sampling non probabilistik, keterwakilan terbatas), dan heterogenitas metodologis serta variasi konstruk PSP membuat hasil antar studi sulit dibandingkan. Implikasinya, dukungan institusional perlu dipadukan dengan pelatihan terarah berulang tentang penguatan perilaku, literasi tentang vaksin, dan pemantauan lingkungan rutin; direkomendasikan agar penelitian berikutnya melakukan standardisasi instrumen PSP dan memanfaatkan prosedur pengambilan sampel yang representatif.References
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