Studi Literatur: Optimalisasi Pemanfaatan Besi melalui Sifat Magnetik: Pendekatan Kimia
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.69836/ncrcs-sinesia.v2i1.222Keywords:
sifat magnetik besi , feromagnetisme , magnetisasi , domain magnetik , perlakuan kimia , pemanfaatan besiAbstract
Besi magnet merupakan material yang memiliki potensi besar dalam berbagai bidang industri karena sifat magnetiknya yang kuat serta ketersediaannya yang melimpah di alam. Salah satu material yang banyak dikembangkan adalah magnetit (Fe₃O₄), yang memiliki sifat ferimagnetik dan dapat dimanfaatkan dalam bidang lingkungan, energi, elektronik, serta biomedis. Namun, pemanfaatan besi magnet masih menghadapi kendala terkait pengendalian ukuran partikel, stabilitas, dan sifat magnetiknya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji optimalisasi pemanfaatan besi melalui pengendalian sifat magnetik menggunakan pendekatan kimia. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah studi literatur terhadap 20 artikel ilmiah nasional dan internasional yang diperoleh dari Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, dan MDPI pada rentang tahun 2013–2024. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa metode sintesis kimia seperti kopresipitasi, sol-gel, hidrotermal, dan thermal decomposition memberikan pengaruh signifikan terhadap ukuran partikel, kristalinitas, serta sifat magnetik material. Metode kopresipitasi menjadi metode yang paling efektif karena sederhana, murah, dan mampu menghasilkan nanopartikel magnetit dengan sifat magnetik yang baik. Dengan pengendalian parameter sintesis seperti pH, suhu, dan konsentrasi prekursor, material magnetik berbasis besi dapat dioptimalkan untuk berbagai aplikasi industri dan teknologi modern.
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