Pemanfaatan Produk Alam dalam Mengatasi Resistensi Antimikroba: Tinjauan Naratif Sistematis Menuju Inovasi Kesehatan Berkelanjutan
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.69836/ncrcs-sinesia.v1i2.92Keywords:
Natural product, Antimicrobial resistence, Phytochemicals, Sustainable health innovationAbstract
Resistensi antimikroba (AMR) telah menjadi ancaman kesehatan global yang serius, mengurangi efektivitas antibiotik konvensional dan menantang sistem kesehatan masyarakat. Produk alam, termasuk senyawa turunan tumbuhan dan jamur endofit, merupakan sumber potensial agen antimikroba baru. Tinjauan naratif sistematis ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi dan merangkum studi-studi terbaru (2020–2025) mengenai potensi antimikroba produk alam dan perannya dalam inovasi kesehatan berkelanjutan. Pencarian literatur dilakukan secara komprehensif di PubMed, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar, dan ResearchGate. Studi disaring berdasarkan relevansi, kualitas metodologi, dan ketersediaan teks lengkap. Sebanyak 38 studi memenuhi kriteria inklusi, menyoroti efektivitas flavonoid, alkaloid, terpenoid, dan fenolik terhadap bakteri resisten obat, seperti Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, dan Escherichia coli. Mekanisme aksi meliputi gangguan membran sel, inhibisi pembentukan biofilm, dan intervensi pada quorum sensing bakteri. Meskipun bukti in vitro kuat, translasi klinis masih terbatas karena variasi metode ekstraksi, standar dosis, dan data farmakokinetik. Temuan ini menekankan potensi produk alam dalam menangani AMR sekaligus mendukung inovasi kesehatan berkelanjutan, khususnya di Indonesia dan Asia Tenggara. Upaya kolaboratif diperlukan untuk menstandarisasi metodologi, memvalidasi efektivitas in vivo, dan mengintegrasikan produk alam ke strategi kesehatan yang sejalan dengan Sustainable Development Goals.
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