Kebijakan Pembangunan vs Hak Masyarakat Adat: Konflik Sumber Daya dan Kekerasan di Papua
Keywords:
Kekerasan Struktural, FPIC, Masyarakat Adat, Konflik Sumber DayaAbstract
Studi ini mengkaji dinamika konflik sumber daya serta manifestasi kekerasan struktural yang dialami oleh masyarakat adat Papua sebagai konsekuensi dari kebijakan pembangunan nasional yang tidak mengindahkan prinsip Free, Prior, and Informed Consent (FPIC). Dengan menerapkan metode penelitian normatif dan pendekatan deskriptif kualitatif, penelitian ini mengevaluasi bagaimana inisiatif-inisiatif pembangunan seperti proyek Jalan Trans-Papua dan program Merauke Integrated Food and Energy Estate (MIFEE) telah memicu perampasan tanah, kerusakan lingkungan, serta eksklusi sosial terhadap komunitas adat. Dalam kerangka teori kekerasan struktural yang dirumuskan oleh Johan Galtung, penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa kekerasan tidak selalu bersifat fisik, melainkan dapat beroperasi melalui instrumen hukum, kebijakan publik, serta struktur sosial-ekonomi yang secara sistematis menyingkirkan masyarakat adat dari akses terhadap sumber daya dan pengambilan keputusan. Temuan penelitian mengindikasikan bahwa ketidakterlibatan masyarakat adat dalam proses pembangunan bukan sekadar persoalan administratif, melainkan merupakan wujud kekerasan institusional yang berlangsung secara berulang dan terlembaga. Prinsip FPIC, yang seharusnya menjadi mekanisme perlindungan hak-hak masyarakat adat, dalam praktiknya kerap direduksi menjadi formalitas administratif yang minim substansi. Kondisi ini tidak hanya memperparah konflik agraria, tetapi juga mempertahankan ketimpangan relasi kuasa antara negara, korporasi, dan komunitas adat. Oleh karena itu, studi ini menekankan pentingnya reformasi pendekatan pembangunan nasional melalui penguatan pengakuan hukum terhadap hak-hak kolektif masyarakat adat dan implementasi prinsip FPIC yang autentik sebagai langkah strategis untuk mencegah berlanjutnya kekerasan struktural di Papua.
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